Mizere ya Downhole Chemical Injection-Chifukwa Chiyani Imalephera?Zochitika, Zovuta ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zatsopano Zoyesa
Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers
Ndemanga
Statoil ikugwira ntchito m'magawo angapo pomwe jekeseni wa downhole mosalekeza wa scale inhibitor amayikidwa.Cholinga ndi kuteteza chubu chapamwamba ndi valavu yotetezera ku(Ba/Sr) SO4orCaCO;, pamene kufinya kumakhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo kuchita pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, kulumikiza minda ya pansi pa nyanja.
Jekeseni mosalekeza wa scale inhibitor downhole ndi njira yoyenera mwaukadaulo kuteteza chubu chapamwamba ndi valavu yachitetezo m'zitsime zomwe zili ndi kuthekera kokulirapo pamwamba pa chopakira;makamaka m'zitsime zomwe sizifunikira kufinyidwa pafupipafupi chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kudera lapafupi ndi zitsime.
Kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira mizere ya jakisoni wamankhwala kumafuna kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusankha zinthu, kuyenerera kwamankhwala ndi kuwunika.Kupanikizika, kutentha, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwebumwemwemwemwemwemwebayimwe kuyinyamanyama yiyambikire kukhalira kukhazikikire kuzikhala ndi chiyani kumayambitsa zovuta kuti ugwire bwino ntchito.Zovuta zadziwika m'mizere yojambulira yamtunda wamakilomita angapo kuchokera kumalo opangirako kupita ku template ya subsea ndi mavavu ajakisoni pansi pazitsime.
Zokumana nazo zakumunda zomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta zamakina opitilira jekeseni okhudzana ndi mvula ndi dzimbiri zimakambidwa.Maphunziro a Laboratory ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zophunzirira mankhwala.Zofunikira zamachitidwe osiyanasiyana zimayankhidwa.
Mawu Oyamba
Statoil ikugwira ntchito m'magawo angapo pomwe jakisoni wamankhwala osalekeza agwiritsidwa ntchito.Izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo jekeseni wa scale inhibitor(SI) komwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza chubu chapamwamba ndi valavu yotetezera pansi (DHSV) ku (Ba/Sr) SO4orCaCO;sikelo.Nthawi zina emulsion wosweka ndi jekeseni downhole kuyamba ndondomeko kulekana mozama mu bwino zotheka pa wachibale mkulu kutentha.
Jekeseni mosalekeza wa scale inhibitor downhole ndi njira yoyenera mwaukadaulo kuteteza kumtunda kwa zitsime zomwe zili ndi kuthekera kokulirapo pamwamba pa chopakira chopangira.Jekeseni wosalekeza angaperekedwe makamaka m'zitsime zomwe sizifunikira kufinyidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya pafupi ndi chitsime;kapena ngati kufinya kumakhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo kuchita pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana m'magawo apansi pa nyanja.
Statoil yawonjezera luso la jakisoni wamankhwala mosalekeza kumakina apamwamba komanso ma tempuleti a subsea koma chovuta chatsopano ndikupititsa jekeseni mozama m'chitsime.Kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira mizere ya jakisoni wamankhwala kumafuna chidwi chowonjezera pamitu ingapo;monga kusankha zinthu, qualification chemical and monitoring.Kupanikizika, kutentha, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwebumwemwemwemwemwemwebayimwe kuyinyamanyama yiyambikire kukhalira kukhazikikire kuzikhala ndi chiyani kumayambitsa zovuta kuti ugwire bwino ntchito.Zovuta za ma jekeseni aatali (makilomita angapo) kuchokera kumalo opangirako kupita ku template ya subsea ndi mavavu a jakisoni pansi pazitsime zadziwika;Chithunzi 1.Njira zina za jakisoni zagwira ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo, pomwe zina zalephera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Zotukuka zingapo zatsopano zakonzedwa za jekeseni wamankhwala a downhole (DHCI);komabe;nthawi zina zidazo sizinali oyenererabe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito DHCI ndi ntchito yovuta.Zimaphatikizapo kumalizidwa ndi mapangidwe abwino, chemistry yabwino, topside system ndi dongosolo lamankhwala lamankhwala a topside process.Mankhwalawa amapopedwa kuchokera pamwamba kudzera pa mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala kupita ku zida zomalizitsira ndikutsikira mchitsime.Chifukwa chake, pakukonza ndikuchita mtundu uwu wa mgwirizano wa projekiti pakati pa magulu angapo ndikofunikira.Zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuunikiridwa ndipo kulumikizana kwabwino pakupanga ndikofunikira.Akatswiri opanga ma process, mainjiniya a subsea ndi mainjiniya omaliza amakhudzidwa, akulimbana ndi mitu yama chemistry yabwino, kusankha kwazinthu, kutsimikizika kwakuyenda ndi kasamalidwe ka mankhwala.Zovutazo zimatha kukhala mfumu yamfuti yamankhwala kapena kukhazikika kwa kutentha, dzimbiri komanso nthawi zina kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwanuko komanso zotsatira zakuyenda mumzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala.Kuphatikiza pa izi, zinthu monga kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa gasi, kukweza kwambiri,mtunda wautali wa umbilical ndi jekeseni wakuya m'chitsime, perekani zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo ndi zofunikira pamankhwala obaya ndi valavu ya jakisoni.
Kuwunika mwachidule kwa machitidwe a DHCI omwe amaikidwa mu ntchito za Statoil amasonyeza kuti zochitikazo sizinali zopambana nthawi zonse Table 1. Komabe, kukonzekera kukonza mapangidwe a jekeseni, kuyenerera kwa mankhwala, ntchito ndi kukonza kukuchitika.Zovutazo zimasiyana kuchokera kumunda kupita kumunda, ndipo vuto siliri kwenikweni kuti valavu ya jekeseni ya mankhwala yokha sikugwira ntchito.
M'zaka zapitazi mavuto angapo okhudzana ndi mizere ya jekeseni wamankhwala apansi panthaka akhala akukumana nawo.Mu pepala ili zitsanzo zina zaperekedwa kuchokera ku zochitika izi.Pepalali likukambirana zovuta ndi njira zomwe zimatengedwa kuti athetse mavuto okhudzana ndi mizere ya DHCI.Mbiri yamilandu iwiri yaperekedwa;imodzi pa dzimbiri ndi ina pa chemical gun king.Zokumana nazo zakumunda zomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta zamakina opitilira jekeseni okhudzana ndi mvula ndi dzimbiri zimakambidwa.
Maphunziro a labotale ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zophunzirira mankhwala amaganiziridwanso;momwe kupopera mankhwala, makulitsidwe kuthekera ndi kupewa, zovuta zida ntchito ndi mmene mankhwala adzakhudzira dongosolo topside pamene mankhwala amapangidwa mmbuyo.Landirani njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala zimakhudzana ndi chilengedwe, mphamvu, mphamvu yosungira pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa mpope, kaya pampu yomwe ilipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zina zotero. Malingaliro aukadaulo akuyenera kutengera kuyanjana kwamadzi ndi chemistry, kuzindikira kotsalira, kugwirizana kwa zinthu, kapangidwe ka m'mimba mwa m'mimba, dongosolo la mlingo wa mankhwala. ndi zipangizo zozungulira mizere iyi.Mankhwalawa angafunike kukhala oletsa hydrate kuti aletse kulumikizidwa kwa jekeseni kuti asawukidwe ndi gasi ndipo mankhwalawo sayenera kuzizira panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusunga.M'zitsogozo zamkati zomwe zilipo kale pali mndandanda wazomwe mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mfundo iliyonse mu dongosolo Zinthu zakuthupi monga viscosity ndizofunikira.Dongosolo la jakisoni litha kutanthauza mtunda wa 3-50km wa umbilical subsea flow line ndi 1-3km kupita ku chitsime.Choncho, kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndikofunikanso.Kuunika kwa zotsatira za kutsika kwa mtsinje, mwachitsanzo m'malo oyeretsera kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Dongosolo la jekeseni wa mankhwala a Downhole
Phindu la mtengo
Jekeseni mosalekeza wa scale inhibitor downhole kuteteza DHS Vor machubu opangira mwina okwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi kufinya pachitsime ndi sikelo inhibitor.Ntchitoyi imachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe poyerekeza ndi machiritso ofinya, amachepetsa kuthekera kwa zovuta zamachitidwe pambuyo pofinyidwa ndikupereka mwayi wowongolera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wamankhwala kuchokera pa jakisoni wapamtunda.Njira ya jakisoni itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kubayira mankhwala ena mosalekeza kugwetsa pansi ndipo atha kuchepetsa zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike kunsi kwa mtsinje.
Kafukufuku wokwanira wachitika popanga njira yotsika mtengo ya Oseberg S kapena gawo.Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu chinali CaCO;kukulitsa mu chubu chapamwamba komanso kulephera kwa DHSV.Malingaliro a Oseberg S kapena Scale Management Strategy adatsimikiza kuti pazaka zitatu, DHCI inali njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri m'zitsime zomwe mizere yojambulira mankhwala inali kugwira ntchito.Chofunikira chachikulu chokhudzana ndi kupikisana kwa masikelo chinali mafuta ochedwetsedwa m'malo motengera mtengo wamankhwala / ntchito.Pakugwiritsa ntchito sikelo inhibitor pakukweza gasi, chinthu chachikulu pamtengo wamankhwala chinali kukwera kwa gasi komwe kumatsogolera kuchulukira kwa SI, chifukwa kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa gasi kuti apewe mfuti yamankhwala.Kwa zitsime ziwiri za Oseberg S kapena zomwe zinali ndi mizere yogwira ntchito ya DHC I, njira iyi inasankhidwa kuteteza DHS V motsutsana ndi CaCO;makulitsidwe.
Kupitiriza jekeseni dongosolo ndi mavavu
Njira zomaliza zomwe zilipo pogwiritsa ntchito makina opitilira jekeseni amankhwala amakumana ndi zovuta kuti aletse kulumikiza kwa mizere ya capillary.Nthawi zambiri jakisoni amakhala ndi chingwe cha capillary, 1/4" kapena 3/8" m'mimba mwake (OD), chokokedwa pamwamba, chodyetsedwa-ndipo cholumikizidwa ndi chubu chomwe chili mbali ya annular ya chubu.Mzere wa capillary umamangiriridwa kumimba yakunja kwa chubu chopangira ndi machubu apadera a kolala ya chubu ndipo amathamangira kunja kwa chubu mpaka kumunsi kwa mandrel a mankhwala.The mandrel ndi mwambo anaika mmwamba-mtsinje wa DHS V kapena mozama mu chitsime ndi cholinga kupereka jekeseni mankhwala okwanira kubalalitsidwa nthawi ndi kuika mankhwala kumene mavuto amapezeka.
Pa valve jakisoni wamankhwala, Fig.2, katiriji kakang'ono pafupifupi 1.5 "m'mimba mwake muli ma valve owunika omwe amalepheretsa madzi amadzimadzi kulowa mu capillary line.Ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kakukwera pa kasupe.Mphamvu yamasika imayika ndikulosera kukakamizidwa kofunikira kuti mutsegule poppet pampando wosindikiza.Mankhwalawa akayamba kuyenda, poppet amachotsedwa pampando wake ndikutsegula valavu yoyendera.
Pamafunika kuyika ma valve awiri a cheki.Vavu imodzi ndiyo chotchinga chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa madzi a m'chitsime kulowa mumzere wa capillary.Izi zimakhala ndi kutsekula kocheperako (2-15bars) .Ngati kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic mkati mwa mzere wa capillary kuli kochepa kuposa kuthamanga kwa chitsime, madzi amadzimadzi amayesa kulowa mu mzere wa capillary.Valavu ina yoyang'ana ili ndi kuthamanga kwapakati kwa 130-250 mipiringidzo ndipo imadziwika kuti U-tube kupewa.Vavu iyi imalepheretsa kuti mankhwala omwe ali mkati mwa chingwe cha capillary azitha kuyenda momasuka kulowa m'chitsime ngati mphamvu ya hydrostatic mkati mwa chingwe cha capillary ikhala yayikulu kuposa kuthamanga kwa chitsime pamalo ojambulira mankhwala mkati mwa chubu chopangira.
Kuphatikiza pa ma valve awiri a cheke, nthawi zambiri pamakhala fyuluta ya pamzere, cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zinyalala zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zingasokoneze kuthekera kosindikiza kwa makina a valavu.
Makulidwe a ma cheke valavu ofotokozedwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ukhondo wamadzimadzi ojambulidwa ndi wofunikira kuti agwire ntchito.Amakhulupirira kuti zinyalala m'dongosololi zitha kuthamangitsidwa powonjezera kutuluka mkati mwa mzere wa capillary, kotero kuti ma valavu a cheki atsegule mwadala.
Pamene valve yotsegula imatsegulidwa, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa mofulumira ndikufalitsa mzere wa capillary mpaka kupanikizika kumawonjezeka.Chovala choyang'ana chidzatseka mpaka kutuluka kwa mankhwala kumapanga mphamvu zokwanira kuti zitsegule valve;zotsatira zake ndi kuthamanga kwa oscillations mu dongosolo la valve check.Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kotsegulira komwe dongosolo la valve liri nalo, malo ocheperako amakhazikitsidwa pamene valavu yotsegula imatsegulidwa ndipo dongosolo limayesa kukwaniritsa zochitika zofanana.
Mavavu a jakisoni wamankhwala amakhala ndi kuthamanga kocheperako kotsegulira;ndipo ngati kuthamanga kwa chubu pamalo olowera mankhwala kukakhala kocheperako kuposa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya hydrostatic ya mankhwala mkati mwa chingwe cha capillary kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa valve yotsegula, pafupi ndi vacuum kapena vacuum idzachitika kumtunda kwa chingwe cha capillary.Pamene jekeseni wa mankhwala asiya kapena kutuluka kwa mankhwala kumakhala kochepa, pafupi ndi vacuum mikhalidwe idzayamba kuchitika pamwamba pa mzere wa capillary.
Mulingo wa vacuum umadalira kuthamanga kwa chitsime, mphamvu yokoka ya jekeseni wa mankhwala osakanikirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa mzere wa capillary, kuthamanga kwa valve yotsegula pa jekeseni ndi kutuluka kwa mankhwala mkati mwa capillary line.Miyezo ya zitsime imasiyanasiyana nthawi yonse yamunda ndipo kuthekera kwa vacuum kudzakhalanso kosiyana nthawi yowonjezereka.Ndikofunikira kudziwa za izi kuti tiganizire moyenera ndikusamala zovuta zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika.
Pamodzi ndi ma jakisoni otsika, nthawi zambiri zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu iyi zimatuluka nthunzi zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe sizinafufuzidwe mokwanira.Zotsatirazi ndi zamfuti kapena kugwa kwa zinthu zolimba, mwachitsanzo ma polima, pamene zosungunulirazo zikutuluka nthunzi.
Kupitilira apo, ma cell a galvanic amatha kupangidwa panthawi yakusintha pakati pamadzimadzi amadzimadzi pamankhwala ndi nthunzi yodzaza pafupi ndi gawo la gasi pamwamba.Izi zitha kuchititsa dzimbiri m'dera mkati mwa capillary line chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mankhwalawa pansi pazimenezi.Flakes kapena makhiristo amchere omwe amapangidwa ngati filimu mkati mwa mzere wa capillary pomwe mkati mwake umauma amatha kupanikizana kapena kulumikiza chingwe cha capillary.
Chabwino chotchinga filosofi
Popanga mayankho olimba a zitsime, Statoil imafuna kuti chitsime chikhale chokhazikika nthawi zonse pachitsimechi.Chifukwa chake, Statoil imafuna kuti pakhale zotchinga ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha.Mkuyu. 3 limasonyeza atypical chitsime chotchinga schematic, pamene mtundu buluu akuimira pulayimale bwino chotchinga envelopu;mu nkhani iyi kupanga tubing.Mtundu wofiira umayimira envelopu yotchinga yachiwiri;bwalo.Kumanzere kwa chojambula jekeseni wa mankhwala akuwonetsedwa ngati chingwe chakuda chokhala ndi jekeseni kumalo opangira machubu olembedwa ofiira (chotchinga chachiwiri).Poyambitsa njira za jakisoni wamankhwala m'chitsime, zotchinga zapachiyambi ndi zachiwiri zimakhala pachiwopsezo.
Mbiri ya mlandu wa dzimbiri
Kutsatizana kwa zochitikazo
Downhole chemical injection of scale inhibitor yayikidwa pamalo opangira mafuta oyendetsedwa ndi Statoil pa Norwegian Continental Shelf.Pachifukwa ichi, scale inhibitor yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito inali yoyenerera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa topside ndi subsea.Kukonzanso kwa chitsime kunatsatiridwa ndi kukhazikitsa DHCIpointat2446mMD, Fig.3.Jekeseni wapansi wa topside scale inhibitor anayambika popanda kuyesanso mankhwala.
Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi cha opareshoni kutayikira mu jekeseni wa mankhwala kunawonedwa ndipo kufufuza kunayambika.Kutayikirako kunawononga zopinga za zitsimezo.Zofananazo zidachitikanso pazitsime zingapo ndipo zina zidayenera kutsekeredwa mkati pomwe kufufuza kukuchitika.
Machubu opangira adakokedwa ndikuphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane.Kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kunali mbali imodzi ya chubu, ndipo mfundo zina za chubu zinachita dzimbiri kotero kuti munali mabowo.Pafupifupi 8.5mm wandiweyani 3% chitsulo chrome anali atasweka pasanathe miyezi 8.Zimbiri zazikulu zidachitika pamwamba pa chitsime, kuyambira pachitsime mpaka pafupifupi 380m MD, ndipo malo olumikizira machubu oipitsidwa kwambiri adapezeka pafupifupi 350m MD.Pansi pa kuya uku panali dzimbiri pang'ono kapena palibe, koma zinyalala zambiri zidapezeka pamachubu a OD's.
The 9-5 / 8 '' casing adadulidwanso ndi kukoka ndipo zotsatira zofanana zinawonedwa;ndi dzimbiri kumtunda kwa chitsime mbali imodzi yokha.Kutayikira komwe kunayambitsa kudachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa gawo lofooka la thumba.
Zida za jakisoni wamankhwala zinali Alloy 825.
Kuyenerera kwa Chemical
Chemical katundu ndi dzimbiri kuyezetsa ndizofunikira kwambiri pa qualification ma scale inhibitors ndipo ma scale inhibitor anali oyenerera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa topside ndi subsea application kwa zaka zingapo.Chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito gwero lenileni la mankhwala linali kusintha kwa chilengedwe pochotsa mankhwala omwe analipo kale.Akabayidwa m’chitsime kutentha kwa mankhwalawo kumatha kufika pa 90 ℃, koma palibe kuyezetsa kwina komwe kunachitidwa pa kutenthaku.
Mayesero oyambirira a corrosivity anali atachitidwa ndi wogulitsa mankhwala ndipo zotsatira zake zinasonyeza 2-4mm / chaka cha carbon steel pa kutentha kwakukulu.Pa gawoli panali kukhudzidwa pang'ono kwa luso laukadaulo la woyendetsa.Mayesero atsopano adachitidwa pambuyo pake ndi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akuwonetsa kuti sikelo inhibitor inali yowononga kwambiri zinthu zomwe zili mu chubu chopangira ndi posungira zopangira, zomwe zidawonongeka kupitilira 70mm / chaka.Mankhwala opangira jakisoni wa Alloy 825 anali asanayesedwe motsutsana ndi scale inhibitor asanayambe jekeseni.Kutentha kwa chitsime kumatha kufika 90 ℃ ndipo mayeso okwanira amayenera kuchitidwa pansi pazimenezi.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsanso kuti scale inhibitor monga yankho lokhazikika adanenanso kuti pH ya <3.0.Komabe, pH sinayesedwe.Pambuyo pake pH yoyezedwa idawonetsa mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa pH 0-1.Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa miyeso ndi zolingalira zakuthupi kuwonjezera pa kupatsidwa ma pH.
Kutanthauzira zotsatira
Mzere wa jakisoni (Fig.3) umapangidwa kuti upereke kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic kwa scale inhibitor yomwe imaposa kupanikizika bwino pa jekeseni.Inhibitor imabayidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa momwe imakhalira m'chitsime.Izi zimabweretsa mphamvu ya U-chubu pakutseka kwa chitsime.Valve nthawi zonse imatsegulidwa ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba mu mzere wa jekeseni kuposa pachitsime.Choncho, vacuum kapena evaporation mumzere wa jakisoni imatha kuchitika.Kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri ndi chiwopsezo choboola ndi chachikulu kwambiri m'malo osinthika a gasi/madzi chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa zosungunulira.Kuyesera kwa labotale komwe kumachitidwa pa makuponi kunatsimikizira chiphunzitsochi.M'zitsime zomwe zidatulukamo, mabowo onse mumizere ya jakisoni anali kumtunda kwa mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala.
Chithunzi cha 4 chikuwonetsa kujambula kwa mzere wa DHC I wokhala ndi dzimbiri lambiri.Kuwonongeka komwe kumawoneka pamachubu opangira akunja kumasonyeza kuwonekera kwa scale inhibitor kuchokera kumalo otayira.Kutayikirako kudachitika chifukwa cha dzimbiri chifukwa cha mankhwala owononga kwambiri komanso kutayikira kudzera mumzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala mu kabati yopangira.Scale inhibitor idapopera kuchokera pamzere wa capillary kupita ku casing ndi chubu ndipo kutayikira kunachitika.Zotsatira zilizonse zachiwiri za kutayikira mu mzere wa jekeseni sizinaganizidwe.Iwo anaganiza kuti casing-ndi dzimbiri chubu chifukwa cha concentrated scale inhibitors anapemphera kuchokera pitted capillary line kupita ku casing ndi chubu, Fig.5.
Pamenepa panali kusowa kwa akatswiri opanga luso la zinthu.Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala pa mzere wa DHCI sikunayesedwe ndipo zotsatira zachiwiri chifukwa cha kutayikira sizinayesedwe;monga ngati zipangizo zozungulira zingathe kulekerera kukhudzana ndi mankhwala.
Mbiri yakale ya mfumu yamfuti ya mankhwala
Kutsatizana kwa zochitikazo
Njira yopewera sikelo ya gawo la HP HT inali jekeseni mosalekeza wa scale inhibitor kumtunda kwa valavu yachitetezo cha downhole.Kuthekera kokulirapo kwa calcium carbonate kudadziwika pachitsime.Chimodzi mwazovuta chinali kutentha kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa gasi komanso kupanga ma condensate kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi otsika.Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndi injecting scale inhibitor chinali chakuti zosungunulirazo zidzachotsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangira mpweya ndipo mfumu yamfuti ya mankhwala idzachitika pamalo opangira jekeseni kumtunda kwa valve yotetezera pachitsime, Fig.1.
Pakuyeneretsedwa kwa scale inhibitor kuyang'ana kwambiri kunali kokwanira kwa mankhwalawa pamikhalidwe ya HP HT kuphatikizapo khalidwe la topside process system (kutentha kochepa).Kugwa kwa sikelo inhibitor yokha m'machubu opangira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gasi ndiko kuda nkhawa kwambiri.Mayeso a labotale adawonetsa kuti scale inhibitor imatha kutsika ndikumamatira khoma la chubu.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito valve yachitetezo kumatha kuthana ndi chiwopsezo.
Zochitika zinasonyeza kuti patapita milungu ingapo ya opaleshoni mzere wa mankhwala unali kutayikira.Zinali zotheka kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa chitsime pamtunda wamtunda womwe umayikidwa mu mzere wa capillary.Mzerewu unapatulidwa kuti upeze umphumphu wabwino.
Mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala unatulutsidwa m'chitsime, kutsegulidwa ndikuwunikiridwa kuti azindikire vutoli ndikupeza zifukwa zomwe zingalepheretse.Monga momwe tawonera mu Fig.6, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kunapezeka ndipo kusanthula kwamankhwala kunawonetsa kuti zina mwa izi zinali zoletsa kukula.The precipitate anali pa chisindikizo ndi poppet ndi valavu sakanatha ntchito.
Kulephera kwa valve kunayambitsidwa ndi zinyalala mkati mwa dongosolo la valve zomwe zimalepheretsa ma check valves kudya pazitsulo kupita ku mpando wachitsulo.Zinyalalazo zinafufuzidwa ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe mwina zinapangidwa panthawi ya kukhazikitsa mzere wa capillary.Kuonjezera apo, zinyalala zina zoyera zinadziwika pa ma valve onse a cheki makamaka kumbuyo kwa ma valve.Iyi ndi mbali ya kutsika kwapansi, mwachitsanzo, mbali zonse zimakumana ndi madzi a m'chitsime.Poyamba, izi zinkakhulupirira kuti zinali zinyalala zochokera m'chitsime chopangirako chifukwa mavavu anali atatsekedwa ndikukhala ndi madzi a m'chitsime.Koma kuwunika zinyalalazo kunapezeka kuti ndi ma polima okhala ndi chemistry yofanana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scale inhibitor.Izi zidatikopa chidwi ndipo Statoil idafuna kufufuza zifukwa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinyalala za polima zomwe zikupezeka pamzere wa capillary.
Kuyenerera kwa Chemical
M'munda wa HP HT muli zovuta zambiri pankhani yosankha mankhwala oyenera kuti achepetse zovuta zosiyanasiyana zopanga.Pakuyenerera kwa scale inhibitor kwa jekeseni mosalekeza pansi, mayesero otsatirawa anachitidwa:
● Kukhazikika kwazinthu
● Kukalamba kotentha
● Mayeso amphamvu kwambiri
● Kugwirizana ndi formation water and hydrate inhibitor (MEG)
● Mayeso osasunthika komanso amphamvu a mfuti
● Kuwonongekanso kwa chidziwitso madzi, mankhwala atsopano ndi MEG
Mankhwalawa adzabayidwa pamlingo wodziwikiratu,koma kupanga madzi sikudzakhala kokhazikika,ie kukokoloka kwa madzi.Pakati pa madzi slugs,mankhwala akalowa m'chitsime,adzakumana ndi moto,mtsinje wothamanga wa gasi wa hydrocarbon.Izi zikufanana ndi kubaya jekeseni woletsa sikelo ponyamula gasi (Fleming etal.2003) .Pamodzi ndi
kutentha kwambiri kwa gasi,chiopsezo chochotsa zosungunulira ndichokwera kwambiri ndipo mfumu yamfuti ingayambitse kutsekeka kwa valavu ya jakisoni.Ichi ndi chiopsezo ngakhale mankhwala opangidwa ndi kuwira kwapamwamba / kutsika kwa mpweya wosungunulira ndi zina za Vapor Pressure Depressants(VPD's) .Pakatsekeka pang'ono,kutuluka kwa madzi opangira,MEG ndi/kapena mankhwala atsopano ayenera kutha kuchotsa kapena kusungunulanso mankhwala omwe alibe madzi m'thupi kapena opanda mfuti.
Pamenepa chida choyesera cha labotale chinapangidwa kuti chifanane ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikuyenda pafupi ndi madoko a jakisoni pa HP/HTg ngati njira yopangira.Zotsatira za mayeso a mfumu yamfuti zamphamvu zikuwonetsa kuti pansi pamikhalidwe yomwe ikufunsidwa kutayika kwakukulu kwa zosungunulira kunalembedwa.Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mfuti mwachangu komanso kutsekeka kwa ma flowlines.Ntchitoyi idawonetsa kuti pachiwopsezo chachikulu chinalipo cha jekeseni wamankhwala mosalekeza m'zitsime izi zisanachitike kupanga madzi ndipo zidapangitsa kuti asankhe kusintha njira zoyambira zoyambira pamundawu, ndikuchedwetsa jekeseni wamankhwala mpaka madzi atapezeka.
Kuyenerera kwa scale inhibitor kwa jekeseni mosalekeza pansi kunali ndi chidwi kwambiri pa zosungunulira zosungunulira ndi mfuti mfumu ya scale inhibitor pa jekeseni ndi mu flowline koma kuthekera kwa mfumu yamfuti mu valavu ya jakisoni sikunayesedwe.Vavu ya jekeseni mwina inalephera chifukwa cha kutayika kwakukulu kwa zosungunulira komanso mfumu yamfuti yofulumira,Fig.6.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malingaliro athunthu a dongosolo;osati kungoyang'ana zovuta zopanga,komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi jekeseni wa mankhwalawo,mwachitsanzo valavu ya jekeseni.
Zochitika kuchokera kumadera ena
Mmodzi mwa malipoti oyambirira okhudza mavuto ndi mizere yojambulira mankhwala akutali anali ochokera ku Gull fak sandVig dis satellite fields (Osa etal.2001) .Mizere ya jekeseni ya subsea inatsekedwa ku mapangidwe a hydrate mkati mwa mzere chifukwa cha kuukira kwa gasi kuchokera kumadzi opangidwa. kulowa mumzere kudzera pa valavu ya jakisoni.Malangizo atsopano opangira mankhwala opangira ma subsea adapangidwa.Zofunika zinaphatikizapo tinthu kuchotsa (sefera) ndi Kuwonjezera hydrate zoletsa (mwachitsanzo glycol) kuti madzi ofotokoza lonse zoletsa kuti jekeseni pa subsea zidindo.Kukhazikika kwamankhwala,kukhuthala ndi kuyanjana (zamadzimadzi ndi zida) zidaganiziridwanso.Zofunikira izi zapititsidwa patsogolo mu dongosolo la Statoil ndikuphatikiza jekeseni wamankhwala a downhole.
Panthawi yachitukuko cha Oseberg S kapena malo adaganiza kuti zitsime zonse ziyenera kumalizidwa ndi machitidwe a DHC I (Fleming etal.2006) .Cholinga chinali choletsa CaCO;kukulitsa mu chubu chapamwamba ndi jakisoni wa SI.Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zokhudzana ndi mizere yojambulira mankhwala chinali kukwaniritsa kulumikizana pakati pa pamwamba ndi potulukira pansi.Kuzungulira kwapakati kwa mzere wa jekeseni wa mankhwala kunachepa kuchokera ku 7mm kufika ku 0.7mm (ID) mozungulira valavu ya chitetezo cha annulus chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo komanso kuthekera kwa madzi oti anyamulidwe kupyolera mu gawoli kunakhudza kupambana.Zitsime zingapo zamapulatifomu zinali ndi mizere yojambulira mankhwala yomwe idalumikizidwa,koma chifukwa chake sichinamveke.Sitima zamadzimadzi zosiyanasiyana (glycol,zamwano,condensate,xylene,scale inhibitor,madzi ndi zina.) adayesedwa ma labotale kuti awonetse kukhuthala komanso kugwirizanitsa ndikuponyedwa kutsogolo ndikubwerera m'mbuyo kuti atsegule mizere.;komabe,target scale inhibitor sinathe kupopera mpaka kufika pa valve jakisoni wa mankhwala.Komanso,zovuta zinawoneka ndi mvula ya phosphonate scale inhibitor pamodzi ndi otsalira a CaCl z kumaliza brine mu chitsime chimodzi ndi mfuti mfumu ya scale inhibitor mkati mwa chitsime chokhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha mafuta ndi madzi otsika (Fleming etal.2006)
Maphunziro
Kupanga njira yoyesera
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zaphunziridwa kuchokera ku kulephera kwa machitidwe a DHC I zakhala zokhudzana ndi luso lamakono la inhibitor osati ponena za magwiridwe antchito ndi jakisoni wamankhwala.Jakisoni wamtundu wa topside ndi jakisoni wa subsea agwira ntchito nthawi yayitali;komabe,kugwiritsa ntchito kwawonjezeredwa ku jekeseni wamankhwala otsitsa popanda kusinthidwa kofananira kwa njira zoyenereza mankhwala.Zomwe Statoil adakumana nazo pamilandu iwiri yomwe yaperekedwa ndikuti zolemba zowongolera kapena malangizo okhudza kuyenerera kwamankhwala ayenera kusinthidwa kuti aphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.Zovuta ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zadziwika kuti i) vacuum mu mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala ndi ii) kugwa kwamphamvu kwa mankhwalawo.
Kutentha kwa mankhwala kumatha kuchitika pamachubu opangira (monga momwe tikuwonera munkhani yamfuti) komanso m'machubu a jakisoni (mawonekedwe osakhalitsa azindikirika mu vacuum kesi) pamakhala chiwopsezo choti machubu awa asunthidwe ndikuyenda komanso kulowa mu valavu ya jakisoni ndikupitilira mu chitsime.Vavu ya jakisoni nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi fyuluta kumtunda kwa jekeseni,izi ndizovuta,monga pakakhala mvula fyuluta iyi ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndikupangitsa kuti valavu isalephereke.
Zomwe taziwona ndi zoyambira zoyambirira kuchokera kumaphunziro omwe adaphunzira zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku wambiri wa labotale pazochitikazo.Cholinga chachikulu chinali kupanga njira zatsopano zowayenereza kuti apewe mavuto ofanana m'tsogolomu.Mu kafukufukuyu mayeso osiyanasiyana apangidwa ndipo njira zingapo za labotale zidapangidwa (zokonzedwa kuti) zowunikira mankhwala molingana ndi zovuta zomwe zadziwika.
● Zotchinga zosefera ndi kukhazikika kwazinthu m'makina otsekedwa.
● Kuwonongeka kwa zosungunulira pang'ono pakuwonongeka kwa mankhwalawo.
● Zotsatira za kutayika pang'ono kwa zosungunulira mkati mwa capillary pakupanga zolimba kapena mapulagi a viscous.
Poyesa njira za labotale pali zovuta zingapo zomwe zingachitike
● Kutsekeka kobwerezabwereza komanso kusakhazikika bwino.
● Kupanga zolimba pambuyo pochita nthunzi pang'ono kuchokera ku capillary
● kusintha kwa PH chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zosungunulira.
Mkhalidwe wa mayeso ochitidwawo waperekanso chidziwitso chowonjezera ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thupi la mankhwala mkati mwa ma capillaries akakumana ndi zinthu zina.,ndi momwe izi zimasiyanirana ndi mayankho ambiri omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yofananira.Ntchito yoyesera yapezanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madzimadzi ambiri,magawo a nthunzi ndi madzi otsalira omwe angayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa mvula ndi/kapena kuwonjezereka kwa dzimbiri.
Njira yoyesera ya corrosivity of the scale inhibitors idapangidwa ndikuphatikizidwa muzolemba zolamulira.Pa ntchito iliyonse, kuyezetsa kwakanthawi kowonjezera kumayenera kuchitidwa jekeseni wa scale inhibitor asanayambe kukhazikitsidwa.Mayeso a gun king a mankhwala omwe ali mumzere wa jakisoni achitidwanso.
Musanayambe kuyenerera kwa mankhwala ndikofunika kupanga kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe imalongosola zovuta komanso cholinga cha mankhwala.Mu gawo loyamba ndikofunika kuzindikira zovuta zazikulu kuti athe kusankha mitundu ya mankhwala (s) omwe angathetse vutoli.Chidule cha njira zofunika kwambiri zovomerezera zitha kupezeka mu Gulu 2.
Kuyenerera kwa mankhwala
Kuyenerera kwa mankhwala kumakhala ndi kuyesa komanso kuwunika kwamalingaliro pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo ndi zoyeserera ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndikukhazikitsidwa,mwachitsanzo mkati mwa HSE,kuyanjana kwakuthupi,kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndi khalidwe la mankhwala (tinthu ting'onoting'ono).Komanso,pozizira,mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena,hydrate inhibitor,madzi opangira ndi madzi opangidwa ayenera kutsimikiziridwa.Mndandanda wosavuta wa njira zoyesera zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyenerera kwa mankhwala zaperekedwa mu Gulu 2.
Kuyang'ana mosalekeza ndikuwunika momwe luso laukadaulo limagwirira ntchito,kuchuluka kwa mlingo ndi mfundo za HSE ndizofunikira.Zofunikira za chinthu zimatha kusintha nthawi yonse yamunda kapena chomera;zimasiyanasiyana ndi mitengo yopanga komanso kapangidwe kamadzimadzi.Zochita zotsatizana ndi kuwunika kwa magwiridwe antchito,kukhathamiritsa ndi/kapena kuyezetsa mankhwala atsopano kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi kuti zitsimikizire kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chili choyenera.
Kutengera mtundu wamafuta,kupanga madzi ndi zovuta zaukadaulo pafakitale yopanga madzi m'nyanja,kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala kungakhale kofunikira kuti tikwaniritse khalidwe la kunja,zofunikira zamalamulo,ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa offshore m'njira yotetezeka.Magawo onse ali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mankhwala opangira amafunikira amasiyanasiyana kumunda ndi kumunda komanso nthawi yowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri luso laukadaulo lamankhwala opanga mankhwala mu pulogalamu yoyenerera,koma ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuganizira za mankhwala,monga kukhazikika,mankhwala khalidwe ndi ngakhale.Kugwirizana mu chikhalidwe ichi kumatanthauza kugwirizana ndi madzimadzi,zipangizo ndi mankhwala ena kupanga.Zimenezi zingakhale zovuta.Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse vuto kuti pambuyo pake azindikire kuti mankhwalawa amathandizira kapena amapanga zovuta zatsopano.Mwina katundu wa mankhwala osati luso zovuta kuti ndi vuto lalikulu.
Zofunikira zapadera
Zofunikira zapadera pa kusefera kwa zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe apansi pamadzi komanso jekeseni mosalekeza.Zosefera ndi zosefera mu jakisoni wamankhwala ziyenera kuperekedwa kutengera momwe zida zakutsikira pansi kuchokera pa jakisoni wapamtunda.,mapampu ndi ma valve jekeseni,ku mavavu a jekeseni pansi.Kumene jekeseni wamankhwala mosalekeza akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndondomeko ya jakisoni wa mankhwala iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa ndondomeko yomwe ili ndi zovuta kwambiri.Izi mwina fyuluta pa jekeseni valavu downhole.
Mavuto a jakisoni
Dongosolo la jakisoni litha kutanthauza 3-50km mtunda wa umbilical subsea flowline ndi 1-3km kutsika mchitsime.Zinthu zakuthupi monga mamasukidwe akayendedwe komanso kuthekera kotulutsa mankhwalawo ndikofunikira.Ngati mamachulukidwe a kutentha kwa nyanja ya nyanja ndi okwera kwambiri kungakhale kovuta kupopa mankhwalawo kudzera mumzere wa jakisoni wa mankhwala mumchombo chapansi pa nyanja ndi kumalo ojambulira pansi pa nyanja kapena pachitsime.The mamasukidwe akayendedwe ayenera kukhala malinga dongosolo specifications pa kuyembekezera yosungirako kapena kutentha ntchito.Izi ziyenera kuyesedwa pazochitika zilizonse,ndipo zidzadalira pa ndondomeko.Monga mlingo wa jakisoni wamankhwala patebulo ndiye chinthu chothandizira kuchita bwino mu jakisoni wamankhwala.Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotsegula mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala,mankhwala m'dongosolo lino ayenera kukhala hydrate zoletsa (ngati angathe hydrates).Kugwirizana ndi madzi omwe amapezeka mu dongosolo (preservation fluid) ndi hydrate inhibitor ayenera kuchitidwa.Mayeso okhazikika a mankhwalawo pa kutentha kwenikweni (kutentha kochepera kotheka kozungulira,kutentha kozungulira,kutentha kwa nyanja,jekeseni kutentha) ayenera kudutsa.
Pulogalamu yotsuka mizere ya jakisoni wamankhwala nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.Zitha kupereka zodzitetezera kuti nthawi zonse muzitsuka mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala ndi zosungunulira,glycol kapena mankhwala oyeretsa kuti achotse ndalama zomwe zingatheke asanaunjike ndipo zingayambitse kulumikiza mzere.Njira yosankhidwa yamankhwala yamadzimadzi othamanga iyenera kukhalayogwirizana ndi mankhwala omwe ali mumzere wa jakisoni.
Nthawi zina mzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mankhwala angapo potengera zovuta zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wamunda komanso momwe madzi amakhalira.Mu gawo loyamba la kupanga madzi asanafike zovuta zazikulu zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zili mochedwa nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.Kusintha kuchokera ku inhibitor yopanda madzi yosungunulira monga asphalt ene inhibitor kupita kumankhwala otengera madzi monga scale inhibitor kungapereke zovuta kuti zigwirizane.Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri kufananirana ndi kuyenerera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma spacers pamene akukonzekera kusintha mankhwala mumzere wa jakisoni wamankhwala.
Zipangizo
Ponena za kuyanjana kwa zinthu,mankhwala onse ayenera n'zogwirizana ndi zisindikizo,elastomer,ma gaskets ndi zida zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu jakisoni wamankhwala ndi malo opangira.Njira yoyesera ya kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala (monga acidic scale inhibitor) ya jekeseni mosalekeza kumunsi iyenera kupangidwa.Pa ntchito iliyonse, kuyezetsa kwakanthawi kakulidwe kambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa jekeseni wa mankhwala asanayambike.
Zokambirana
Ubwino ndi kuipa kopitilira jekeseni wamankhwala ogwetsera pansi ayenera kuwunikiridwa.Kupitilira jakisoni wa sikelo inhibitor kuteteza DHS Vor machubu opangira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera chitsime ku sikelo.Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani ino pali zovuta zingapo ndi jekeseni wamankhwala osalekeza,komabe kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi yankho.
Njira imodzi yochepetsera chiopsezo ndikuyang'ana kwambiri njira yoyesera.Poyerekeza ndi topside kapena subsea chemical jekeseni pali zosiyana ndi zovuta kwambiri pansi pa chitsime.Kuyenerera kwa mankhwala opitilira jekeseni wa mankhwala ku downhole ayenera kuganizira za kusintha kumeneku.Kuyenerera kwa mankhwala kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zomwe mankhwala angakhudzire.Zofunikira pakuyezetsa kuyenerera ndi kuyezetsa pamikhalidwe yomwe imafanana kwambiri momwe zingathere pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya moyo wa chitsime machitidwewa ayenera kusinthidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kupanga njira zoyesera kuyenera kupangidwa mopitilira muyeso wowona komanso woyimira.
Kuphatikiza apo,kuyanjana pakati pa mankhwala ndi zipangizo ndizofunikira kuti apambane.Kupanga ma valve opangira jekeseni kuyenera kuganizira za mankhwala ndi malo a valavu ya jakisoni pachitsime.Iyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ikuphatikiza ma valve enieni a jakisoni monga gawo la zida zoyesera komanso kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a scale inhibitor ndi ma valve monga gawo la pulogalamu yoyenerera.Kuti muyenerere ma scale inhibitors,cholinga chachikulu chinali kale pa zovuta za ndondomekoyi ndi zolepheretsa kukula,koma kuletsa kwamlingo wabwino kumadalira jekeseni wokhazikika komanso wopitilira.Popanda jekeseni wokhazikika komanso mosalekeza kuthekera kwa sikelo kumawonjezeka.Ngati valavu ya jekeseni ya scale inhibitor ndi gunk ed ndipo palibe jekeseni wa scale inhibitor mumtsinje wamadzimadzi.,mavavu a chitsime ndi chitetezo samatetezedwa ku sikelo ndipo chifukwa chake kupanga kotetezeka kungakhale pachiwopsezo.Ndondomeko yoyenerera iyenera kuyang'anira zovuta zokhudzana ndi jekeseni wa scale inhibitor kuwonjezera pa zovuta za ndondomeko ndi mphamvu ya oyenerera scale inhibitor.
Njira yatsopanoyi imaphatikizapo maphunziro angapo ndi mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro ndi maudindo omwe akuyenera kufotokozedwa.Mu ntchito iyi topside ndondomeko dongosolo,ma templates a subsea ndi mapangidwe a chitsime ndi kumaliza akukhudzidwa.Maukonde amitundu yambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zothetsera ma jakisoni amankhwala ndizofunikira ndipo mwina njira yopambana.Kulumikizana pakati pa maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira;makamaka kulankhulana kwapafupi pakati pa akatswiri a zamankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu pa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri opanga bwino omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsime ndizofunikira.Kumvetsetsa zovuta zamagulu osiyanasiyana komanso kuphunzira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zovuta zonse.
Mapeto
● jekeseni mosalekeza wa sikelo inhibitor kuteteza DHS Vor machubu kupanga ndi njira kaso kuteteza chitsime kwa sikelo.
● Kuthetsa mavuto omwe apezeka,malangizo otsatirawa ndi:
● Dongosolo lodzipereka la DHCI liyenera kuchitidwa.
● Njira yoyenerera mavavu a jakisoni wamankhwala
● Njira zoyesera ndi zoyenerera zamakina
● Kupanga njira
● Kuyesa kwazinthu zofunikira
● Kuyankhulana kwamagulu osiyanasiyana komwe kulankhulana pakati pa maphunziro osiyanasiyana kumakhala kofunikira kuti apambane.
Kuyamikira
Wolemba akufuna kuthokoza Statoil AS A chilolezo chofalitsa ntchitoyi ndi Baker Hughes ndi Schlumberger polola kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzichi mu Fig.2.
Nomenclature
(Ba/Sr)SO4=barium/strontium sulphate
CaCO3=calcium carbonate
DHCI = jakisoni wamankhwala otsitsa
DHSV = valavu yachitetezo chapansi
mwachitsanzo=mwachitsanzo
GOR=chiyerekezo cha mafuta
HSE=malo otetezera thanzi
HPHT=kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri
ID=m'mimba mwake
ie=ndiyo
km=makilomita
mm = millimeter
MEG=mono ethylene glycol
mMD=kuzama kwa mita
OD=m'mimba mwake
SI=scale inhibitor
mTV D=mita kuzama kowongoka
U-chubu=U-chubu chooneka ngati U
VPD=potsitsa mphamvu ya nthunzi
Chithunzi 1. Chidule cha machitidwe a jakisoni wamankhwala a subsea ndi downhole m'munda wa atypical.Kujambula kwa jakisoni wamankhwala kumtunda kwa DHSV ndi zovuta zomwe zikuyembekezeka.DHS V = valavu yachitetezo chapansi, PWV = valavu yamapiko opangira ndi PM V = valve master process.
Chithunzi 2. Sketch ya atypical downhole mankhwala jakisoni dongosolo ndi mandrel ndi valavu.Dongosololi limalumikizidwa kumtunda wambiri, kudyetsedwa-ndikulumikizidwa ndi hanger ya chubu yomwe ili mbali ya annular ya chubu.Mankhwala jakisoni mandrel mwamwambo amaikidwa mozama mu chitsime ndi cholinga choteteza mankhwala.
Chithunzi 3. Chiwembu chotchinga chitsime,kumene mtundu wa buluu umayimira envelopu yotchinga bwino;mu nkhani iyi kupanga tubing.Mtundu wofiira umayimira envelopu yotchinga yachiwiri;bwalo.Kumanzere kumasonyezedwa jekeseni wa mankhwala, mzere wakuda wokhala ndi jekeseni wopita kumalo opangira machubu olembedwa ofiira (chotchinga chachiwiri).
Chithunzi 4. Bowo lokhala ndi dzenje lopezeka m'chigawo chakumtunda kwa mzere wa jakisoni wa 3/8".Derali likuwonetsedwa muzojambula za atypical well barrier schematic, zolembedwa ndi ellipse lalanje.
Chithunzi 5. Kuwononga kwambiri dzimbiri pa 7” 3% Chrome chubu.Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa corrosion attack pambuyo pa scale inhibitor yomwe imapopera kuchokera pamzere wa jekeseni wa mankhwala kupita ku chubu chopangira.
Chithunzi 6. Zinyalala zopezeka mu valve jakisoni wamankhwala.Zinyalala mu nkhani iyi anali zitsulo shavings mwina kuchokera unsembe ndondomeko kuwonjezera zina zoyera zinyalala.Kuyang'ana kwa zinyalala zoyera kunatsimikizira kukhala ma polima okhala ndi chemistry yofanana ndi mankhwala obaya
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-27-2022