Izi Ndizifukwa Zodziwika Kwambiri Zothamangitsira Casing Pachitsime:
kuteteza akasupe amadzi am'madzi am'madzi (chophimba pamwamba)
perekani mphamvu pakuyika zida zamutu, kuphatikiza ma BOP
perekani umphumphu wokakamiza kuti zida zamutu, kuphatikizapo BOP, zitsekedwe
sungani zotulukapo kapena zosweka zomwe madzi akubowola amatayika
sindikizani mapangidwe amphamvu pang'ono kuti mapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri (komanso kuthamanga kwambiri) athe kulowa bwino.
sindikizani madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti mipiringidzo yocheperako ibowoledwe ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka madzi obowola.
sungani zinthu zovuta, monga mchere woyenda
tsatirani zofunikira zamalamulo (nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa).
Casing
Chitoliro cham'mimba mwake chachikulu chimatsitsidwa pabowo ndikuyika simenti.Wopanga chitsime ayenera kupanga chotchinga kuti chipirire mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, monga kugwa, kuphulika, kulephera kwamphamvu, komanso mitsinje yowopsa yamankhwala.Zolumikizana zambiri zapakhomo zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wachimuna kumapeto kulikonse, ndipo zolumikizana zazitali zazifupi zokhala ndi ulusi waakazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mfundo zolumikizirana pamodzi, kapena zolumikizira zolumikizira zimatha kupangidwa ndi ulusi wachimuna kumapeto kwina ndi ulusi wachikazi. zina.Casing imayendetsedwa kuti iteteze mapangidwe amadzi opanda mchere, kupatula malo omwe atayika, kapena kudzipatula mawonekedwe okhala ndi ma gradient osiyana kwambiri.Opaleshoni yomwe chotengeracho chimayikidwa mu chitsime chimatchedwa "running pipe."Casing nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku plain carbon steel yomwe imatenthedwa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana koma imatha kupangidwa mwapadera ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, fiberglass, ndi zinthu zina.
Chabwino Control
Ukadaulowu udayang'ana kwambiri pakusunga kukakamiza pamipangidwe yotseguka (ndiko kuti, yowonekera pachitsime) kuteteza kapena kuwongolera kutuluka kwamadzi opangira m'chitsime.Tekinoloje iyi imaphatikizapo kuyerekezera kukakamiza kwamadzimadzi, mphamvu ya mapangidwe apansi panthaka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe ka matope ndi matope kuti athetse zovutazo m'njira yodziwikiratu.Zomwe zikuphatikizidwanso ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zoletsa chitsime kuti chisamayende bwino ngati madzi oundana atuluka.Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino, ma valve akuluakulu amaikidwa pamwamba pa chitsime kuti ogwira ntchito m'chitsime atseke chitsime ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kubowola Chitoliro
Tubular zitsulo ngalande yokhala ndi ulusi wapadera mapeto otchedwa zida joints.Bowolo limalumikiza zida zapamtunda ndi cholumikizira chapansi ndi pang'ono, popopera madzi obowola mpaka pang'ono ndikutha kukweza, kutsitsa ndi kuzungulira kuphatikizika kwapansi ndi pang'ono.
Mzere
Chingwe chotchinga chomwe sichimafika pamwamba pa chitsime, koma chimakhala chozikika kapena cholenjekeka kuchokera pansi pa chingwe chapakhomo chapitacho.Palibe kusiyana pakati pa ma casing olowa okha.Ubwino wa wopanga chitsime cha liner ndikusunga ndalama zambiri muzitsulo, chifukwa chake ndalama zazikulu.Kuti muteteze casing, komabe, zida zowonjezera ndi chiopsezo zimakhudzidwa.Wopanga chitsime ayenera kusinthanitsa zida zowonjezera, zovuta ndi zoopsa zomwe zingawononge ndalama zomwe zingatheke posankha kupanga liner kapena chingwe cha casing chomwe chimapita pamwamba pa chitsime ("chingwe chachitali").Mzerewu ukhoza kuikidwa ndi zigawo zapadera kuti zigwirizane ndi pamwamba pa nthawi ina ngati pakufunika.
Choke Line
Chitoliro chothamanga kwambiri chochokera pachotulukira pa BOP stack kupita ku backpressure kutsamwitsa ndi kuchulukitsa kogwirizana.Panthawi yoyendetsa bwino, madzimadzi omwe amapanikizika m'chitsime amatuluka m'chitsime kudzera pamzere wotsamwitsa mpaka kutsamwitsa, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ku mphamvu ya mumlengalenga.Poyandama m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mizere yotsamwitsa ndi kupha imatuluka pamtunda wa BOP ndikuthamangira kunja kwa chokwera chobowola pamwamba.Zotsatira za volumetric ndi zokangana za mizere yayitali yotsamwitsa ndi kupha ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ziwongolere bwino chitsime.
Bop Stack
Seti ya ma BOP awiri kapena kuposerapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kwachitsime.Mulu wamba ukhoza kukhala woteteza mtundu wa nkhosa imodzi kapena isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo, mwina, choletsa chimodzi kapena ziwiri zamtundu wa annular.Kapangidwe kachulukidwe kake kamakhala ndi zotchingira nkhosa zamphongo pansi ndi zotchingira za annular pamwamba.
Kukonzekera kwa stack blockers kumakonzedwa kuti apereke umphumphu wothamanga kwambiri, chitetezo ndi kusinthasintha pakachitika chitsime chowongolera.Mwachitsanzo, mu kachulukidwe ka nkhosa zamphongo zingapo, gulu limodzi la nkhosa zamphongo likhoza kutsekedwa pa bomba lobowolera la mainchesi 5, seti ina yopangidwira 4 1/2-in drillpipe, yachitatu yoyikidwa ndi nkhosa zamphongo zakhungu kuti zitseke pabowo, ndi chachinayi choikidwa ndi nkhosa yamphongo yometa ubweya yomwe imatha kudula ndi kupachika pobowola ngati njira yomaliza.
Ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi annular preventer kapena awiri pamwamba pa stack popeza annular akhoza kutsekedwa pamitundu yambiri ya tubular sizes ndi openhole, koma nthawi zambiri samayesedwa chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwapamwamba ngati koletsa nkhosa zamphongo.BOP stack imaphatikizansopo ma spools osiyanasiyana, ma adapter ndi mapaipi olola kuti madzi a m'chitsime azitha kuyenda mopanikizika pakachitika chitsime.
Choke Manifold
Mavavu othamanga kwambiri komanso mapaipi ogwirizana omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutsamwitsa kuwiri kosinthika, kokonzedwa kuti kutsamwitsa kumodzi kungathe kupatulidwa ndikuchotsedwa ntchito kuti ikonzedwe ndi kukonzanso pomwe kutuluka kwabwino kumayendetsedwa ndi kwina.
Posungira
Pansi pa thanthwe lomwe lili ndi porosity yokwanira komanso kuthekera kosunga ndi kutumiza madzi.Miyala ya Sedimentary ndiyo yomwe imakhala yodziwika kwambiri chifukwa imakhala ndi porosity kwambiri kuposa miyala yambiri yamagetsi ndi metamorphic ndipo imapanga pansi pa kutentha komwe ma hydrocarbons amatha kusungidwa.Malo osungiramo madzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lonse la mafuta.
Kumaliza
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhathamiritsa kupanga ma hydrocarbon kuchokera pachitsime.Izi zitha kukhala zopanda kanthu koma chopakira pamachubu pamwamba pa kumalizidwa kotsegula (kumaliza "chopanda nsapato"), kupita kuzinthu zosefera zamakina kunja kwa chitoliro cha perforated, kupita ku kuyeza ndi kuwongolera kokhazikika komwe kumakulitsa chuma chamsungidwe popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu ( “wanzeru” kumaliza).
Production Tubing
Chitsime chamadzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi osungira.Machubu opangira amasonkhanitsidwa ndi zida zina zomaliza kuti apange chingwe chopangira.Machubu opangira omwe amasankhidwa kuti amalize chilichonse akuyenera kugwirizana ndi geometry ya chitsime, mawonekedwe opangira posungira ndi madzi amadzimadzi.
Jekeseni Line
Kanjira kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamayendetsedwa motsatira ma tubular opangira kuti azitha jekeseni wa zoletsa kapena chithandizo chofananira panthawi yopanga.Zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa hydrogen sulfide [H2S] kapena kuyika kwambiri sikelo kumatha kuthetsedwa ndi jakisoni wamankhwala ochizira ndi zoletsa popanga.
Choletsa
Mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa kumadzimadzi kuti achedwetse kapena kuletsa kuchitapo kanthu kosayenera komwe kumachitika mkati mwamadzimadzi kapena ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'malo ozungulira.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inhibitors imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kutumizira zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi, monga zoletsa kutupira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza acidizing kuti zisawonongeke zigawo za wellbore ndi zoletsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwongolera mphamvu ya hydrogen sulfide [H2S].
Jekeseni wa Chemical
Mawu odziwika bwino a njira zama jakisoni omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zamakina kuti athandizire kubwezeretsa mafuta, kuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe, kuyeretsa zotsekeka zotsekeka kapena mapangidwe, kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa dzimbiri, kukweza mafuta osakanizika, kapena kuthana ndi zovuta zotsimikizira kutuluka kwamafuta.Jekeseni amatha kuperekedwa mosalekeza, m’magulumagulu, m’zitsime za jakisoni, kapena nthawi zina m’zitsime zopangira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-27-2022